Right to the City - KSA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Right to the City - KSA - Essay Example Right to the city refers to the responses to social injustices and neoliberal urbanization in various countries worldwide. The aspects of human rights are prevalent the concept of right to the city in the social context. Human rights refer to the ability of a particular authority or organization to uphold different of freedom of a particular group or an individual. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia violate the rights of its citizens through various contexts such as inadequate housing, limitations to communication and upholding of corporal punishments based on the guidelines of the Sharia law. This paper examines various aspects of human rights and housing in KSA and provides recommendation for promotion of the human rights. The fundamental law in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not provide the complete concept of human rights. The issue of human rights is prevalent in the country due to the strict regulations provided by the Muslim law. In this case, various authorities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have integrated different guidelines of the Islamic religion into the federal law, which hinders initiatives to uphold human rights in the country (Almihdar, 2009). Women comprise of the most affected population regarding the aspect of human rights in KSA. The rights of the citizens of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are abused daily due to the integration of the religious concepts into the country’s legislation. This limits efforts by different human rights organization to campaign for human rights in the country.

Traditional pastoral counseling Essay Example for Free

Traditional pastoral counseling Essay A final area of church support in the secular arena is that of traditional pastoral counseling. This counseling area, usually conducted in private and based in personal trust relationships between the church’s pastor and the congregants, includes ministry for life events. Bereavement counseling, marriage counseling (both pre-marriage counseling and counseling for relationship difficulties), career counseling and one-on-one discussion about difficulties such as substance abuse and physical or mental health are all appropriate and common areas of support for the church pastor. Moore discusses the appropriateness of pastoral counseling in the area of bereavement support. Her justification of the pastor in bereavement support is simple. The clergy holds a distinct advantage over professional health counselors because parishioners are more likely to contact their pastor when faced with bereavement and grieving. Spiritual counseling is part of the clergy’s responsibility to the congregation, for which, there is neither cost nor stigma attached. Moreover the relationship is based on trust. Typically, parishioners do not seek the services of other professionals concerning issues of death, illness and emotional adjustment, if they believe the spiritual counseling they have received has helped them (Moore, 48). In other words, the area of bereavement counseling is an area where the most natural and comfortable place for provision is within the church, with the pastor. African Americans have a unique view of death and dying which makes treatment of these issues within the church, the most central of Black institutions, appropriate. Moore summarizes African-American beliefs and responses to death and bereavement: African-Americans are more accepting and less fearful of death than other American ethnic groups; the view of death is often reflected in African-American visual and musical arts as well as poetry; and the continued exposure of African-Americans to higher death rates, both from natural causes and from violence, significantly strengthens the belief in the afterlife (Moore, 50). The Black church has particular rituals and forms of worship which deal with death and dying, which make the church the best place to deal with grief and bereavement counseling within the community, rather than the formal mental health care system which may be preferred by those who do not belong with a church (Moore, 56). LITERATURE REVIEW CONCLUSION A review of the extant literature on the impact of the Black church on its congregant’s secular lives reveals a range of formal programs, informal processes, traditions and practices, which spring from within the community and come from outside, which are limited to the congregants or offered community-wide, which touch all aspects of the Black church member’s life. Historically, the Black church has been pressed into service as a care provider for a marginalized and underserved population; if the church did not provide medical care, mental health support, economic self-support and learning and literacy programs, no one would. Today, Black churches continue to offer these services, either on their own or through collaboration with public and private foundations, research groups and other helpers. These programs are often more successful than those offered outside the church, because of the perception by church goers that the providers understand their needs and feel an affinity for their history and a sensitivity for their cultural norms. The Black church also serves as an extended family to its members, strengthening the Black community as a whole and offering a shield against the onslaught of historical disadvantages, racism and the problems caused by low socioeconomic status. It serves as an assistant to parents, offering youth programs that range from helping teen parents to helping children get into and attend college. The literature shows that the Black church is, overall, very responsive to the secular needs of its members as well as the spiritual.

Destroying the Rain Forests: Human effects on Natures Essay examples --

Destroying the Rain Forests: Human effects on Natures The rain forests are one of the most unique places on the planet earth. They are home to several thousand species of animals that live no where else in the world1. They are also one of the primary sources of oxygegn of the world. One cannot even begin to describe the sheer beauty of the rain forests. However, the interaction of man with these marvels of nature has had a negative effect. Through agriculture, societal development and the search for raw materials mankind is destroying these marvels of nature. The rain forests are a display of the negative effects of humans on nature. One of the biggest destroyers of the rainforest is farming. Farmers in areas inhabited by the rainforest are cutting down, burning and taking over the rain forest land to make room for farming. These lands once inhabited by the beautiful forests are being turned into crop fields and cattle pastures. This would have to happen if the farmers used efficient farming methods. Most of the farmers however are chopping and burning the rain forests to make fertile land, and then draining the life out the land by overusing it2. They then move on and take out more land to farm with. These farmers are taking out the rainforests at an enormous rate. They are however not the only source of rain forest destruction. Another cause of deforestation of the rain forest is the population growth of humans3. The population is growing at an enormous rate. As population grows so does the search for space. In tropical climates rainforests occupy forty-nine percent of the land and twenty-five percent of the land is covered by closed rain forest4. Parts of Asia and Africa are covered by as much as forty-one percent ra... ...an, 103 8. Bawa, Kamaljit, and McDade, Lucinda, eds. La Selva: Ecology and NaturalHistory of a Neotropical Rain Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. 109 9. Bawa, 154 10. Jordan 333 11. Barraclough, 184 12. Barraclough, 316 13. Bawa, 201 14. Jordan, 35 15. Barraclough, 21 Bibliography. - Barraclough, Solon L., and Ghimire, Krishna B. Forests and Livelihoods: The S.ocial Dynbamics of Deforestation in Developing Countries. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1995. - Bawa, Kamaljit, and McDade, Lucinda, eds. La Selva: Ecology and NaturalHistory of a Neotropical Rain Forest. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994. - Jordan, C.F., Ed. An Amazonian Rain Forest: The Structure and Function of a Nutrient Stressed Ecosystem and the Impact of Slash-and-Burn Agriculture. Athens, GA: UNESCO, 1989.

Dangerous Dogs

Exercise A Dangerous dogs 1. Give an outline of the various views on dangerous dogs presented in text 1, 2 and 3. There are different opinions in the three texts. In text 1, â€Å"Police bask new law on killer dogs† by Jamie Doward, the police officer, Bernard Hogan-Howe has demanded a change to the law on dangerous dogs so children are better protected and so the new rules will target the owners of dangerous dogs, rather than the animals themselves. That happens after five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson was mauled by a pit bull and died.Four breeds were banned as followed by the 1991 Dangerous Dogs Act. That led to hundreds of people handing in their dogs to the police in the Merseyside area, because they were afraid they might be prosecuted. Bernard Hogan-Howe says that there are now 200 fewer illegal dogs in Merseyside. In text 2, â€Å"Jail owners of killer dogs† by Victoria Stilwell has another view. She is against breed-specific legislation. She means that you should fa ce jail if your dog kills someone, and it is time owners take responsibility when they mix kids and pets.The death of 13-month-old Archie-Lee Hirst – mauled by his family’s rottweiler – has started a tighter control on dangerous dogs. But Victoria Stilwell says that people should not start thinking that all rottweilers are killers, because they certainly are not. Instead she recommend people to consider which breed that fit into their home, and not to buy a dog on the net or from a backyard breeder. In text 3, â€Å"If the dog is dangerous, the owner will be, too† by Simon Heffer, Simon Heffer himself means that the Dangerous Dogs Act is a pointless piece of legislation, because many pit bulls are still to be found.He also writes that the owner of the dog, who killed five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson, Kiel Simpson was a drug dealer and was jailed for possessing 44Ib of cannabis. Simon Heffer thinks that this underlines that if you meet a dangerous dog, a dang erous human is not far away. Both Jamie Doward and Simon Heffer find a change in the legislation necessary after a pit bull mauled five-year-old Ellie Lawrenson. They both blame the owners to the dogs and see it as a big problem that irresponsible people has it bulls. Victoria Stilwell is opposite the to men against breed-specific legislation. She also blame the owners and says â€Å"you would not leave your baby alone with a stranger – so why a dog†? 2. Characterize the tone used by Simon Heffer in text 3. Illustrate your answer with examples from the text. Simon Heffer uses a readable language and do already catch the reader in the headline. Simon Heffer use a little Ethos and a little pathos when he writes about dangerous dogs and their owners.He explains his points in shortly sentence and he is easy to understand; â€Å"(†¦) 1057 of these repulsive animals are â€Å"legally† owned in this country†¦Ã¢â‚¬  After reading the text we can see that Sim on Heffer is very subjective when he writes about the owners of dogs; not only the owner in the Story of Ellie Lawrenson, but every owner of a dog; â€Å"And it underlines the point that wherever one finds a dangerous dog, there is normally a dangerous human lurking not far away†. It is like he also indicates that he find it more necessary to take control of all the dangerous human, like drug dealers (Kiel Simpson) and so on.

Math 157

| Course Design GuideCollege of Natural SciencesMTH/157 Version 3Math for Elementary Teachers II| Copyright  © 2011, 2009, 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is the second in a two-part series designed for K–8 preservice teachers to address the conceptual framework for mathematics taught in elementary school. The focus of Part Two will be on measurement, geometry, probability, and data analysis. The relationship of the course concepts to the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Standards for K–8 instruction is also addressed. PoliciesFaculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course MaterialsBillstein, R. , Libeskind, S. , & Lott, J. W. (2010). A problem solving approach to mathematics for elementary school teachers (10th ed. ). Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Data Analysis| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 1. 1 Use appropriate statistical methods to analyze data. 1. 2 Develop predictions based on data. | | | Course Preparation| Read the course description and objectives. Read the instructor’s biography and post your own. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 9 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | Reading| Read Ch. 10 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read the Associate Level Mat erial: Using MyMathLab ®. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| IndividualMyMathLab ® Orientation| Complete the Orientation Assignment located in MyMathLab ®. | | 45| Week Two: Probability| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 1 2. 3 Apply basic concepts of probability. | | | Reading| Review Ch. of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 10 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Nongraded Activities and PreparationSpinner Activity| View the Spinner Activity Animation located on the student website. | | | IndividualText Problems 1| Complete Text Problems 1 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 70| IndividualProbability Games| Resources: http://www. betweenwaters. comAccess to the Probability Games on the Between Waters websit e by using the following directions:Go to http://www. betweenwaters. omScroll down and click on Probability Games. Locate the Coin Flip and Dice Roll games. Click Play under each activity to play the games. Play both the Coin Flip and Dice Roll games. After you have played the games, write a 350- to 700-word paper describing your experience. Include the following in your paper:What did you learn about how probabilities are determined? What method might be the most difficult concept for children to learn and why? Post your paper as an attachment. | | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Three: Introduction to Geometry| Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 2 3. 4 Apply characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes in problem so lving. 3. 5 Identify geometric figures and shapes based on mathematical arguments. 3. 6 Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 11 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | 10| ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Four: Introduction to Geometry, Continued| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 3 4. 7 Apply characteristics and properties of two- and three-dimensional geometric shapes in problem solving. 4. 8 Identify geometric figures and shapes based on mathematical argumen ts. 4. 9 Use visualization, spatial reasoning, and geometric modeling to solve problems. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 11 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | IndividualText Problems 2| Complete Text Problems 2 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 35| IndividualGeometry Manipulatives| Prepare an activity involving a geometric manipulative designed to teach a geometric concept to an elementary school student. You may create your own activity or modify an existing activity; if you are modifying an existing activity, however, ensure your sources are properly cited. Create a handout including the following information:A detailed description of your activity, which must include the application of the characteristics and properties of the hosen geometric shapeInstructions for conducting the activityMaterials neededNational Council of Teacher of Mathematics standards addressed| | 100| —————————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- ————————————————- Week Five: Applications of Geometry| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 4 5. 10 Specify locations using coordinate geometry. 5. 11 Describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry. 5. 12 Use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 12 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 4 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| Nongraded Activities and PreparationAnimations| View the following animations located on the student website:Grapher AnimationTransformations AnimationLady Bu g Transformation Animation| | | ————————————————- ————————————————- Week Six: Applications of Geometry, Continued| | Details| Due| Points|Objectives| 5 6. 13 Specify locations using coordinate geometry. 6. 14 Describe spatial relationships using coordinate geometry. 6. 15 Use symmetry to analyze mathematical situations. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 12 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 14 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | IndividualText Problems 3| Complete Text Problems 3 located in MyMathLab ®. | | 85| IndividualTessellation Patterns| Resource: Associate Level Material: Appendix ACreate a tessellation pattern using theMicrosoft ® Paint program, the GeoGebra website, a Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation, or other means available to you, or you may draw something by hand. Ask your instructor for assistance if needed. Use color and shading to create a visually-pleasing tessellation. Write a 350- to 700-word paper including the following:An explanation of why you chose the tessellated figureThe type of transformation used and whyThe actual tessellation or a picture of the created tessellation * Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————-Week Seven: Applications of Measurement| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 6 7. 16 Identify the relevant attributes of objects when solving problems. 7. 17 Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determ ine measurements. | | | Reading| Read Ch. 13 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | Reading| Read this week’s Electronic Reserve Readings. | | | Participation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| ————————————————- ———————————————— Week Eight: Applications of Measurement, Continued| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 7 8. 18 Identify the relevant attributes of objects when solving problems. 8. 19 Apply appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements. | | | Reading| Review Ch. 13 of A Problem Solving Approach to Mathematics for Elementary School Teachers. | | | IndividualText Problems 4| Complete Text Problems 4 locate d in MyMathLab ®. | | 40| IndividualReflective Paper| Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper synthesizing the major concepts addressed in this course.Include the following in your paper:Summarize the major mathematical concepts of the course. Explain how the concepts learned in this course are relevant to the characteristics of a professional mathematics teacher. Determine how the course concepts have influenced your ideas and philosophy of teaching. Recommend changes to the practice of mathematics instruction based on your learning experiences in the MTH/156 and MTH/157 courses. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. | | 100| ————————————————- ————————————————-Week Nine: Mathematical Connection| | Details| Due| Points| Objectives| 8 9. 20 Synthesize the mathematical concepts addressed in this course. | | | CapstoneParticipation| Participate in class discussion. | | 10| Capstone Discussion Questions| Respond to weekly discussion questions. | | 10| Final ProjectFinal Exam| Complete the Final Exam located in MyMathLab ®. | | 225| ————————————————- Optional Discussion Questions Week One Discussion Questions How do all the branches in a tree diagram illustrate the counting principle or generate all possible outcomes?Explain your answer. * When a student is taught how to find the mean of a set of data, why might they have a difficult time accepting the answer? Provide an example. Week Three Discussion Questions How might you involve children in learning geometric concepts? Which geometric concept do you think will be most difficult for children to learn and why? * Why is three-dimensional geometry important? What difficultie s might students have when working in three-dimensional geometry? Week Five Discussion Questions Why do some children have difficulty with rotational symmetry?What methods can you use to help them understand rotational symmetry? * Research the flag for the state or country in which you live. Determine the number of lines of symmetry in the flag, and describe the lines of symmetry you discover. What concept might you use this activity for in an elementary school setting? Week Seven Discussion Questions Accurate measurement of the volume of different shapes is an important mathematical concept. Review the following scenario and respond: * A student read about Volkswagen packing in the 1960s. She was interested in knowing the maximum number of students that fit into a Volkswagen car.How might you help her estimate an answer in a reasonable way? Explain. * What are one to three activities that helped you understand the concept of area? How did these activities help you understand the co ncept? Might the same activities help children understand the concept? Explain. Week Nine Discussion Questions What two mathematical concepts that you have learned in this course do you feel will be the most beneficial to you in the classroom? Why? * * Select one mathematical concept you have learned in this course and provide a brief example of how you could incorporate it into a lesson in the classroom.What steps would you take to ensure students understand the concept? Copyright University of Phoenix ® is a registered trademark of Apollo Group, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. Microsoft ®, Windows ®, and Windows NT ® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other company and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies. Use of these marks is not intended to imply endorsement, sponsorship, or affiliation. Edited in accordance with University of Phoenix ® edi torial standards and practices.

The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essayEssay Writing Service

The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essayEssay Writing Service The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essay The Need for Wireless Standards and Protocols essayToday, the development of technologies contributes to the wider emergence of wireless networks that open new opportunities for communication and data sharing. However, the rise of the popularity of wireless networks raises the problem of the introduction of reliable and safe wireless standards and protocols. At the moment, wireless standards and protocols remain, to a certain extent, under-regulated and under-developed. As a result, the risk of information breaches persists along with the risk of misusing wireless networks for the access to the private information and other cyber crimes. In such a situation, wireless standards and protocols need consistent enhancements not only at the domestic level but also internationally and such organizations as the Federal Communications Commission or the International Organization of Standardization should regulate the development of wireless networks and technology through setting effective wi reless standards and protocols.The Federal Communications Commission is the US federal government body that regulates the communication market, including the wireless market in particular. In fact, the Federal Communications Commission does not limit its functions by the control over businesses but also it expands its control on private means of communications introducing standards and regulations that determine the development of the communications industry in the US. In this regard, the Federal Communications Commission has the authority to regulate wireless technology and networks in the US. The regulation occurs through the establishments of norms and standards which all users in the US have to respect. Otherwise, the Commission will use its authority to impose sanctions and launch the legal prosecution on businesses and individuals that violate established norms and standards.The ISO is the international organization that establishes standards in different fields, including the wireless technology and networks. At this point, it is worth mentioning the ISO 21216-2012 standard, as one of the main standards dedicated to the regulation of the wireless technology and wireless networks (Behzad, 2013). The ISO focuses on the establishment of standards at the international level and maintains the control over the observation of those standards, while the violation of those standards can raise substantial problems in the international trade for violators of standards established by the ISO.The breadth of the standards regulations depends on the scope of operations of each regulatory organization. In this regard, the Federal Communication Commission focuses on the regulation of wireless standards throughout the US. As for the ISO, this is the international organization that focuses on regulation and development of international wireless standards that are applicable globally.At the same time both the Federal Communication Commission and ISO regulations and standar ds need enhancements and advancements. The Federal Communications Commission and ISO face, to a significant extent, similar problems since their regulations are, in a way, outdated because the wireless technology progresses faster than the standards are introduced by both organizations (Tanenbaum, 2013). In addition, ISO faces the problem of the introduction of such standards that would be applicable internationally that means that the ISO has to take into consideration national differences and establish standards that can be adapted in different countries.At the moment, the ISO 21216-2012 standard is one of the key standards used for wireless networks. ISO 21216-2012 standard covers the open systems interconnection layer 1 physical layer air interface for communications medium operating in the 60 GHz millimetric frequency range by providing the parameters for medium range, medium to high speed wireless communications in the ITS sector. This standard specifies the parameters require d to interface the Layer 1 of such a system to the communications access for land mobiles architecture.Along with formal regulations and standards, there are information ones, which do not have the solid legal basis but still do exist de-facto. At this point, it is possible to refer to the standard known as 802.11b. 802.11b has been the de facto  wireless networking standard of the last few years, and for good reason. It offers excellent range and respectable throughput. (While the radio can send frames at up to 11 Mbps, protocol overhead puts the data rate at 5 to 6 Mbps, which is about on par with 10baseT Ethernet.) It operates using DSSS at 2.4 GHz, and automatically selects the best data rate (either 1, 2, 5.5, or 11 Mbps), depending on available signal strength (Tanenbaum, 2013). Its greatest advantage at this point is its ubiquity: millions of 802. 11b devices have shipped, and the cost of client and access point gear is not only phenomenally low, but also ships embedded in many laptop and handheld devices. It can move data at rates much faster than the average Internet connection (Tanenbaum, 2013).Thus, the development of the wireless technology and growing popularity of wireless networks confront the problem of the poor or insufficient regulations and standardization (Viadrot, 2001). As a result, companies and individuals using the wireless technology face different risks, such as information breaches. Regulatory organizations that set standards, such as the Federal Communications Commission and ISO should unite their efforts to create a solid and effective system of standards to regulate the wireless technology and networks market.

Free Essays on Doctrine Of The Mean

In Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, he expresses his opinions on the basis of thought through eudaimonia and arete. Eudaimonia is the goal of human conduct, or telos in Greek. In English, Eudaimonia translates into happiness, but Aristotle uses it as a well being through prospering and flourishing. To achieve this â€Å"prospering and flourishing,† one needs satisfaction of a job well done. Arete is excellence in fulfilling a function, also known as an ergon. Aristotle finds arete, or a virtue in all objects, animate and inanimate. Aristotle explains his view of the â€Å"chief good† throughout the Doctrine of the Mean, through the comparing and contrasting of virtues and vices. Aristotle begins Nicomachean Ethics with an explanation of the â€Å"chief good.† This good is presented by him through thoughts and theories of the Doctrine of the Mean. He states that all men who are in search of the good and knowledge of â€Å"the good† have a profound influence on life. He then writes how a good man, sets goals for himself on a specific task. This experience in the function of the task gives self satisfaction. An example used by Aristotle is a sculptor who participates in the art of sculpting. The end result of his sculpting is a beautiful piece of artwork.... Free Essays on Doctrine Of The Mean Free Essays on Doctrine Of The Mean In Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, he expresses his opinions on the basis of thought through eudaimonia and arete. Eudaimonia is the goal of human conduct, or telos in Greek. In English, Eudaimonia translates into happiness, but Aristotle uses it as a well being through prospering and flourishing. To achieve this â€Å"prospering and flourishing,† one needs satisfaction of a job well done. Arete is excellence in fulfilling a function, also known as an ergon. Aristotle finds arete, or a virtue in all objects, animate and inanimate. Aristotle explains his view of the â€Å"chief good† throughout the Doctrine of the Mean, through the comparing and contrasting of virtues and vices. Aristotle begins Nicomachean Ethics with an explanation of the â€Å"chief good.† This good is presented by him through thoughts and theories of the Doctrine of the Mean. He states that all men who are in search of the good and knowledge of â€Å"the good† have a profound influence on life. He then writes how a good man, sets goals for himself on a specific task. This experience in the function of the task gives self satisfaction. An example used by Aristotle is a sculptor who participates in the art of sculpting. The end result of his sculpting is a beautiful piece of artwork....

This is the Best Lead Nurturing Strategy to Move People Down Your Funnel

This is the Best Lead Nurturing Strategy to Move People Down Your Funnel For several quarters, your organization has been excelling at almost every metric  and you’ve been generating tons of leads. The only problem is that you haven’t been seeing the kind of revenue that even comes close to the number of leads you’ve generated. While there could be a number of reasons behind this, it typically stems from improper lead nurturing or the lack of it. It’s not enough to just generate leads because those leads do not automatically translate to revenue. For that, you need them to convert. And to convert them, you need to nurture them so that they follow the conversion path in your sales funnel  and  eventually result in a sale. That’s where a lot of organizations get stuck and what this post addresses. Lead Nurturing Templates to Get Your Sales Funnel Right Before learning how to troubleshoot your lead nurturing activities, check out these templates. This download includes: A content audit guide to help identify your content deficits. A content mapping template to map your content to each funnel stage. A 2019 content calendar to get your year planned out. A user persona worksheet to help you target the right people.What is Lead Nurturing and Why is it Necessary? Lead nurturing refers to the process of building and nurturing your relationships with potential customers throughout the buyer’s journey. The goal is to guide them through different stages of your sales funnel and eventually get them to convert. Which means you need to provide them with relevant assistance, information, content, and offers depending on where they are in the funnel. This is important because 80% of new leads  will never result in a sale. But nurtured leads are 50% more sales-ready. In other words, nurturing your leads will improve your chances of converting them. And an increase in conversions can increase your revenue. It’s easy to nurture your leads, in theory. But in practice, a lot of organizations struggle with their lead nurturing efforts. In fact, 86% of B2B marketers in a DemandGen survey  rated their lead nurturing initiatives as only average or below. This isn’t too shocking considering how 80% of respondents have found it challenging to generate responses with their lead nurturing programs. Image Source: DemandGen It’s important to note that these aren’t just startup business owners or marketers who are struggling. Clearly, lead nurturing isn’t something that you can easily master, even if you’ve run a business for years. There’s always room to keep learning because the B2B landscape keeps evolving with new technology. There are also frequent changes in buyer behaviors and preferences. So you need to brush up your knowledge every now and then to learn some of the best ways to nurture leads and increase conversions. Beginners, on the other hand, will have to learn from scratch.   Recommended Reading: The 4 Simple Stages of an Engaging Email Funnel Strategy Steps to Nurture Your Leads for Sales There are tons of ways to nurture leads, but you can’t attempt all of them in one go or you’ll get overwhelmed and end up failing. You need to start slowly – from the basics and the most effective tactics. So check out the following essential steps and advanced tactics to nurture your leads for sales: #1: Align Your Sales and Marketing Teams A misalignment between your sales and marketing teams could be the main reason you’re falling behind in your lead nurturing efforts. When there’s collaboration between the people who generate leads and the people who convert those leads, your organization can effectively guide potential buyers through the funnel. This will eventually result in better sales and customer loyalty. Recommended Reading: The Best Sales Enablement Strategy for Marketers (+ 4 Free Templates) In fact, 58% of respondents to a LinkedIn survey  felt that sales and marketing alignment improves customer retention. 54% of the respondents also felt that sales and marketing alignment boosts the financial performance of their organization. Yet 38% of respondents in a Conversica study  did not follow up on their inbound leads. Even among the companies who did follow up, 63% gave up after only 1-2 attempts. This shows that even when marketing has done their part to generate leads, there could be a  lack of or insufficient follow-up attempts from the sales team. Image Source: Conversica Here are some tips that will help you align your sales and marketing teams: Develop a unified set of goals that you can measure.  A misalignment in team goals could result in overall misalignment between the two teams. Define specific goals that both teams should work towards such as attainment of a revenue goal, a percentage increase in revenue, a certain number of conversions, etc. Come up with a formal process of qualifying leads  and determining when to pass them on to the sales team. A proper lead scoring system will help you with this process. You will learn more about this in the next step to nurture your leads for sales. Coordinate content marketing campaigns  with your sales team. Consider their suggestions in your content brainstorming sessions. And make sure you communicate with them about any deals and offers you have in place. This communication should include talking points about the offer, leads generated from the offer, and other essential information. The marketing team needs to consult with the sales team about what kind of buyer information will be most helpful to them. Knowing the exact kind of buyer data to collect will help your marketing team smoothly transition more qualified leads through the funnel. #2: Learn to Score Your Leads As mentioned briefly in the previous point, you need to learn how to score your leads so you know when to transition them to different teams. Lead scoring is a process of ranking your leads based on how likely they are to convert. But more importantly, it helps your sales and marketing teams to align their definition of a hot lead and helps them coordinate more effortlessly. Since lead scoring assigns a numerical value to the quality of each lead, it becomes easier for each team to identify when and how to approach each buyer. This makes lead scoring an essential element in the lead nurturing processes of most organizations. In fact, an Eloqua study  of 10 B2B organizations found that lead scoring systems increased deal close rates by 30%. The companies also saw a revenue increase of 18% and a revenue-per-deal increase of 17%.

Soap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Soap - Essay Example A particular symptom of GERD is heartburn. Other indications involve regurgitation, epigastric pain, hoarseness, wheezing, and coughing. *taken from Chandrasoma & DeMeester, 2006 Pathophysiology of HTN As indicated by pathophysiology of hypertension (HTN) research, high blood pressure could be categorized as either essential or secondary. The former, essential hypertension is a pressure increase because of unidentified clinical causes. While, secondary hypertension is a pressure increase because of some other primary health illnesses such as kidney problems, tumors, diabetes, etc. Chronic hypertension can lead to stroke, heart failure, heart diseases, heart attack, and other illnesses. *taken from Izzo, Sica & Black, 2007 Pathophysiology of DM The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is connected to insulin, which is a hormone produced by the pancreas’s beta cells. This hormone is in charge of sustaining glucose amount in the blood. It enables the cells to utilize glucose as t he primary source of energy. Yet, in a person suffering from diabetes, because of anomalous insulin metabolism, the body tissues and cells do not utilize glucose from the blood, leading to an increased glucose level in the blood or also called ‘hyperglycemia’. ... If a person has a low BMD, s/he has osteopenia. Developing osteopenia implies there is a higher risk that, over time, a person could have BMD that is quite lower than normal, referred to as ‘osteoporosis’. *taken from McIlwain, Cruse, Bruce, & McIlwain, 2004 Application of Advanced Nursing Practice Framework Three distinct methods of abdominal pain assessment may be determined from the evaluation, which are (1) the appearance of the patient (dependence on observation), (2) the gestures and statements of the patient (dependence on the expressions of the patient), and (3) the normal condition (dependence on typology). In evaluating the postoperative pain of the patient, the nurse should depend on one of these three methods to get attain the level and quality of the abdominal pain of the patient during assessment. When the nurse depends on ‘the appearance of the patient’ or observation, s/he will make use of information gathered concerning objective facts such as posture or movements, skin color, vital signs to get to abdominal pain assessment. In contrast, when the nurse depends on ‘the gestures and statements of the patient’ or expressions, the nurse will have to regard the patient’s statement and gesture as the appropriate information for the type and level of abdominal pain the patient is experiencing. The nurse depending on ‘the normal condition’ or typology should pay attention to the conditions and characteristics of diagnostic or special tests, the time since examination, or the characteristics of the patient like sex, age, etc. in identifying the kind of pain felt by the patient. *taken from Whyte, 1997 Application of Family Stress Theory Family stress theory offers a

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNE's mini essay - 3

Globalisation , the World Economy and MNE's mini - Essay Example er strategy investing in India than in China where the political, economic and social factors are more favorable to IT related firms and due to the immense potential of penetrating the untapped market in the Indochina region. One of the major location specific advantages that RIM has to evaluate in considering India as a lucrative destination is favorable government policies on FDIs. The Indian government allows 100% FDI in some sectors, which include research and development and infrastructure (Himachalapathy, 2010), two sectors where RIM has an interest. In other words, India has an investor friendly climate that RIM may capitalize to access the more than a billion Indian population in addition to prospective customers in the Indochina region, a market that has immense opportunities for growth. For instance, considering the unsaturated penetration of mobile technologies in the region, RIM has a chance to undertake comprehensive research and development in coming up with a product that targets the specific needs of the population through its Blackberry model. In other words, as Dickens (2011) argued, Rim by taking such an approach will be in a position to connect with different social strata and classes in the region and produce specific products that target the needs of people, which will result in more market penetration. Similarly, as a consequence of globalization, China has opened up its doors to FDIs, with the country being the current highest destination of FIDs globally driven by improved economic policies (Himachalapathy, 2010). As such, RIM has a huge prospective market in the new and untapped Chinese market where the Blackberry brand can find an impressive market driven by a rapidly broadening middle class population with a high purchasing power that is attracted to spending on foreign products (Sinha, 2007). Labor is another location specific advantage that makes both India and China lucrative destinations for investors and where RIM may lower its

Chinas Inflation and related factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Chinas Inflation and related factors - Essay Example Moreover, it focuses on the measures utilized by the Federal Reserve to tackle inflation. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of price stability within the Chinese economy with specific concern to the fluctuating CPI (Consumer price index). The article talks about persistent inflation in China. The models and theories used in this article are: 1. Demand-Pull Inflation 2. Price Level connection with Real GDP 3. Business Cycle 4. Monetary Policy 5. Price stability 6. Consumer Price Index Points Highlighted from the Newspaper Article but inflation accelerated to a nearly three-year high in March, (GDP figure is better than expected) GDP figure is better than expected tightening monetary policy, consumer price index rose 5.4 per cent from a year China's producer price index, CPI fell 0.2 per cent China's anti-inflation policies were effective. necessary to maintain price stability inflation almost always falls in the month after the Lunar What is Inflation and Why Inflation increa sed in China? What Does Inflation Mean? The rate at general level of prices of items and services rises. The subsequent fall in purchasing power is also result in inflation. Central banks try to stop the severe inflation, along with the severe deflation, in order to keep the excessive raising of prices to minimum. Economists distinguish between the two types of inflation: Demand-Pull Inflation and Cost-Push Inflation. (Defining Inflation )Both types of inflation may cause an increase in the economical price level within the economy. Demand-pull inflation may result when aggregate demand for goods and services in the economy rise at a rapid space than an economy's productive capacity. This is shown in the figure below The excess demand is the reason for consistent inflation in the economy. Moreover, experts also attribute China inescapable inflationary spiral to US dollar pegging as long as China Yuan keeps pegged to the U.S. dollar, it will rise. This is because the American economy is weakening where as the China economy is strengthening (What is the real reason behind Chinese inflation, 2011) China therefore needs to control Yuan appreciation (China Inflation cause concern in Business News , 2011) During the peak periods of business cycle when China’s economy is experiencing growth in real GDP, employment will naturally increase, and unemployment decrease would decrease, this is because the businesses would seek workers to produce a higher output to fulfill demand needs. If the real GDP grows better this can cause price inflation as firms would be forced to fight against one another for generally increasing scarce workers. This is in contrast during the trough periods of the business cycle where the economy is experiencing declines in the real GDP, and unemployment rates becomes high. GDP = (Total dollar value of goods and services that are changing hands) MINUS (Inflation) GDP can grow, even when there is inflation GDP is: Yes, GDP (Gross Domestic Pr oduct) can even grow, when there is inflation. But for such to happen (theoretically) more goods and services would actually need to be exchanged, rather than having the same prices for the same amount of goods and services. One of the reasons that the China’s Economy is able to claim that GDP ( Gross Domestic Pro

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) Essay

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) - Essay Example Dr. Harris diagnosed the patient with pneumonia and impending respiratory failure. She thought of intubating the patient herself on the floor, but then decided against it and handed over the patient to a pulmonologist and intensivist. The patient suffered intense and seemingly irreversible brain damage. After a few months had elapsed, the relatives of the patient consulted a legal counselor and came to the conclusion that the patient had suffered due to malpractice. Dr. Harris was held accountable. The case was settled by giving compensatory damages to the plaintiff. The end of the paper has an executive summary analyzing the case. The history of risk management in health care goes as far as four thousand years. The Babylonians were famous for punishing their medical practitioners if they were involved in any malpractice or if their negligence had incurred any physical or metal harm to the ill. The increased incidence of malpractice during the 1970s had a seminal effect on how the legislations that were made regarding health care. Health care providers found themselves in a quandary. The money-intensive lawsuits that had been filed against them was not only a huge financial burden, but also compromised their reputation. They were also faced with the possibility of losing their license. Therefore risk management became all the more important, with agencies using both financial resources and specialized risk management staff to ensure patient safety and higher standard of professional conduct for health care practitioners. Risk management in health care is defined as the systematic management of administrative and clinical processes to prevent uncertainties and potential dangers and to mitigate the risk of the institution’s exposure to liability if loss occurs. Risk management can come into play in case of mal practice. The Joint Commission (2010) defines mal practice as the â€Å"improper or unethical

Blogs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blogs - Essay Example When barcodes were not enough, QR codes emerge. One of the latest technological applications that apparently revolutionizes consumer shopping, from a host of other applications, is through quick response (QR) code. The Tesco QR Code Subway Store, for instance, applied this technology by creating virtual stores that presented images of grocery items in places frequently visited by consumers, like subway areas and where customers shop using their smart phones to shop (YouTube 2011). Its origin was actually traced 18 years ago from a Japanese company, Denso Wave, as a means of â€Å"tracking parts by vehicle manufacturers† (Mobile-Barcodes: Overview, n.d., par. 1). With the proliferation of smart phones, the QR code applications were seen to be evidently applicable in other service areas including business cards, billboards, direct mail, repair orders, and even in bus stop stations where convenience stores, manufacturers, and service organizations could post virtual shops and encourage shoppers to select their grocery items, products and services to be delivered and consumed in comforts of their homes (Think Tank Tuesday 2011). What could be the next faster and extensively applicable paced codes than QR? Consumers just have to wait and see. Smart phones are the latest global technological craze where applications continue to evolve. Not only do smart phones serve distinct and varied personal needs of discerning consumers; but more so, smart phones have capabilities that actually help organizations in their marketing strategies. As people become immersed with the coming holiday season, for instance, smart phones could just be the life saver. In convenience stores and shopping centers which could just be a conundrum of chaotic proportions, locating for much sought of products amidst voluminous array of inventories could be addressed with radio frequency identification (RFID). This

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) Essay

The Legality of Risk Management in Healthcare (United States) - Essay Example Dr. Harris diagnosed the patient with pneumonia and impending respiratory failure. She thought of intubating the patient herself on the floor, but then decided against it and handed over the patient to a pulmonologist and intensivist. The patient suffered intense and seemingly irreversible brain damage. After a few months had elapsed, the relatives of the patient consulted a legal counselor and came to the conclusion that the patient had suffered due to malpractice. Dr. Harris was held accountable. The case was settled by giving compensatory damages to the plaintiff. The end of the paper has an executive summary analyzing the case. The history of risk management in health care goes as far as four thousand years. The Babylonians were famous for punishing their medical practitioners if they were involved in any malpractice or if their negligence had incurred any physical or metal harm to the ill. The increased incidence of malpractice during the 1970s had a seminal effect on how the legislations that were made regarding health care. Health care providers found themselves in a quandary. The money-intensive lawsuits that had been filed against them was not only a huge financial burden, but also compromised their reputation. They were also faced with the possibility of losing their license. Therefore risk management became all the more important, with agencies using both financial resources and specialized risk management staff to ensure patient safety and higher standard of professional conduct for health care practitioners. Risk management in health care is defined as the systematic management of administrative and clinical processes to prevent uncertainties and potential dangers and to mitigate the risk of the institution’s exposure to liability if loss occurs. Risk management can come into play in case of mal practice. The Joint Commission (2010) defines mal practice as the â€Å"improper or unethical

Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by LaRay Barna Article

Intercultural Communication Stumbling Blocks by LaRay Barna - Article Example On the other hand, I do not agree with Barna’s argument that high anxiety should act as a communication stumbling block since I believe that it promotes interaction in different people in order for people to overcome high anxiety, which makes them learn other languages. It is evident that Barna’s article expounds on a challenge that every individual has faced in their life. In this case, it is evident that we have all experienced intercultural communication barriers at one point of our life by interacting with people who were different from us in our daily activities. While supporting his arguments, Barna uses real-life experiences to highlight the challenges that intercultural communication posted on the interaction of people in a society that is increasingly becoming both multicultural and multiracial. In an approach that highlights different perceptions of people on other cultures, Barna starts by highlighting the problem of intercultural communication in the United States by carrying out a review of the perceptions of students from other cultures on the American cultural way of communicating. In this regard, Barna identifies reservations present in people from different backgrounds regarding the way they perceived a different culture’s approach to communication. Case in point, Americans smile all the time when communicating, even to total strangers while a foreigner plays along with the American and smiles while nodding, which to the American is indicative of effective communication although the foreigner confirms their stereotypes regarding Americans’ insensitivity and ethnocentrism (Barna 68). Misunderstandings and misconceptions during communication may have disastrous effects with people resulting to hate each other since they cannot understand the point the other was passing. In line with this, it is common knowledge that effective communication is an essential way that people understood others, which means that its ineffect iveness posed a challenge. In the course of my life, I have experienced challenges that are related to intercultural communication.

Why texting while and driving should be forbidden Essay Example for Free

Why texting while and driving should be forbidden Essay How would you feel if someone that you held dear to your heart was severely injured or robbed of his or her life over a simple text message? What would be your choice of action if you received a text message while driving? Texting while driving is a dangerous habit that drivers have developed due to texting’s popularity and entertainment. However, the dangers of this unsafe habit should to be prevented by enforcing stronger laws. Texting while driving has taken numerous lives from innocent people while also causing a greater amount of injuries. Although many people over look the dangers of texting while driving due to their own personal reason, research has proven why we should take this habit more seriously. Â   Texting while driving should be forbidden because drivers will not stop on their own, lives are at risk, and statistics have shown how dangerous it is. Texting while driving should be enforced in a stronger law that forbids it because drivers will not ignore the temptation to reply. Many drivers feel that enforcing stronger laws referring to this situation will only make matters worse, which was discussed on debate.org. They feel that it will make matters worse due to their prediction of drivers lowering their phones than normal, which could lead to an increase of car accidents. Although that prediction is possibly an outcome of enforcing stronger laws, this habit cannot be left alone. That feeling and prediction alone does not justify why texting while driving laws should remain the same. We do need stronger laws to ban texting while driving because drivers are not acknowledging other informative approaches. For example, even with numerous articles and many broadcasting commercials on this dangerous habit, drivers continue to text while driving. So if the media, which has always held a strong influence towards its viewers, cannot change people’s mind about this habit, then the only action left to do is enforce stronger laws. Normally, it would take one horrific experience for each driver too fully understand, which is sad, but the majority of human beings learn better from hands on experiences. However, stronger laws should be placed to forbid texting while driving in order to prevent drivers, as well as passengers, from experiencing that horrific experience. Another reason why texting and driving should be forbidding is that there are many lives at risk. Debate.org (year) also discusses how many drivers feel that texting while driving is easy to do. It is disappointing knowing that drivers are not putting their safety first based off that opposing argument. According to Why Do We Still Text and Drive, an article by Cassie Shortsleeve (year), texting is a compulsive behavior. Instead of waiting to respond to a text until we are in a safe environment, we as human beings are so fascinated by information that we give into the temptation to respond to a text as soon as we receive one. Although we live in an era were texting is extremely popular, it should be illegal while driving. Texting while driving should also be forbidden because of statistical and obvious reasons. Texting is a huge distraction to all drivers. Numerous drivers do not take this life threatening habit seriously and try to argue that they are an exception to the rule. However, research has proven that no one is an exception to the rule, texting while driving is extremely dangerous. Statistics, which was provided by textinganddrivingsafety.com (year), states that the minimal amount of time that a driver’s attention is taken away from the road when they are texting while driving is about five seconds. In that short time frame or more, the National Safety Council has records of 1,600,000 car accidents that occur every year because of texting while driving. In that 1,600,000 car accidents, there are 330,000 injuries and 3,331 deaths according to Harvard Center for Risk Analysis Study. With statistics like that, something as simple as texting while driving should be forbidden without any complaints. Texting while driving is not worth the numerous lives that are taken and harmed every year from car accidents. Even though individually, each driver has their own personal reason why they text and drive, it should be forbidden due to its dangers. Drivers that text while driving need to be stopped because there are lives at risk, and statistics have shown how dangerous this habit is. Although it is a natural humanistic thought to think that we can successfully text and drive, there is no reason to justify why it should be legal. References (2011). Texting And Distracted Driving Infograaphic. Texting and Driving Safety Retrieved from http://www.textinganddrivingsafety.com/ Ferreira, Phillip Crystal (March 18, 2013) Should text messaging while driving be illegal? Debate.org. Retrieved from http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-text-messaging-while-driving-be-illegal Tsukayama, Hayley (March 28, 2013) Adults more likely to text and drive than teens, study says. Technology. Retrieved from http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-28/business/38093466_1_text-message-new-survey-teens

Literature Review On Social Networking Media Essay

Literature Review On Social Networking Media Essay The way people live these days is definitely different than the previous, people now tend to share their daily life events, news and even feelings and emotions with others. Social networks site (SNSs) has provided the facility of enabling them to do so. The Social Data Revolution (SDR) is the shift in human communication patterns towards increased personal information sharing and its related implications, made possible by the rise of social networks in early 2000s. While social networks were used in the early days to privately share photos and private messages, the subsequent trend towards people passively and actively sharing personal information more broadly has resulted in unprecedented amounts of public data. Janet Fouts in her book defines the social media as people engaged in conversation around a topic online. (Fouts, 2009). Her definition is a generalization to the whole topic, so there is another definition by (Boyed and Ellison, 2007) that is Social network sites are defined as wed-based services that allow individuals to three main points the first is to construct a public or semi-public profile within a system, the second is to formulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and the third is to view and cutoff their list of connections and those made by others within the system. This definition describes in specific the way people connect through the social network sites, and the nature and classification of these connections may vary from site to site. While we use the term social network site to describe this phenomenon, the term social networking sites also appears in public discourse, and the two terms are often used interchangeably. We chose not to employ the term networking for two reasons: emphasis and scope. Networking emphasizes relationship initiation, often between strangers. While networking is possible on these sites, it is not the primary practice on many of them, nor is it what differentiates them from other forms of computer-mediated communication (CMC). The term social network site is interchangeably used with the term social networking site, but they are not the same. The term networking somehow refers to the Or just remove the whole paragraph!! What makes social network sites unique is not that they allow individuals to meet strangers, but rather that they enable users to articulate and make visible their social networks. This can result in connections between individuals that would not otherwise be made, but that is often not the goal, and these meetings are frequently between latent ties (Haythornthwaite, 2005) who share some offline connection. On many of the large SNSs, participants are not necessarily networking or looking to meet new people; instead, they are primarily communicating with people who are already a part of their extended social network. To emphasize this articulated social network as a critical organizing feature of these sites, we label them social network sites. While SNSs have implemented a wide variety of technical features, their backbone consists of visible profiles that display a clear list of Friends who are also users of the system. Profiles are unique pages where one can type oneself into being (Sundà ©n, 2003, p. 3). After joining an SNS, an individual is asked to fill out forms containing a series of questions. The profile is generated using the answers to these questions, which typically include descriptors such as age, location, interests, and an about me section. Most sites also encourage users to upload a profile photo. Some sites allow users to enhance their profiles by adding multimedia content or modifying their profiles look and feel. Others, such as Facebook and twitter, allow users to add modules (Applications) that enhance their profile. The visibility of a profile varies by site and according to user discretion. By default, profiles on Friendster and Tribe.net are crawled by search engines, making them visible to anyone, regardless of whether or not the viewer has an account. Alternatively, LinkedIn controls what a viewer may see based on whether she or he has a paid account. Sites like MySpace allow users to choose whether they want their profile to be public or Friends only. Facebook takes a different approach-by default, users who are part of the same network can view each others profiles, unless a profile owner has decided to deny permission to those in their network. Structural variations around visibility and access are one of the primary ways that SNSs differentiate themselves from each other. After joining a social network site, users are prompted to identify others in the system with whom they have a relationship. The label for these relationships differs depending on the site-popular terms include Friends, Contacts, and Fans. Most SNSs require bi-directional confirmation for Friendship, but some do not. These one-directional ties are sometimes labeled as Fans or Followers, but many sites call these Friends as well. The term Friends can be misleading, because the connection does not necessarily mean friendship in the everyday vernacular sense, and the reasons people connect are varied (boyd, 2006a). The public display of connections is a crucial component of SNSs. The Friends list contains links to each Friends profile, enabling viewers to navigate the network graph by clicking through the Friends lists. On most sites, the list of Friends is visible to anyone who is permitted to view the profile, although there are exceptions. For instance, some MySpace users have hacked their profiles to hide the Friends display, and LinkedIn allows users to opt out of displaying their network. Most SNSs also provide a mechanism for users to leave messages on their Friends profiles. This feature typically involves leaving comments, although sites employ various labels for this feature. In addition, SNSs often have a private messaging feature similar to webmail. While both private messages and comments are popular on most of the major SNSs, they are not universally available. Not all social network sites began as such. QQ started as a Chinese instant messaging service, LunarStorm as a community site, Cyworld as a Korean discussion forum tool, and Skyrock (formerly Skyblog) was a French blogging service before adding SNS features. Classmates.com, a directory of school affiliates launched in 1995, began supporting articulated lists of Friends after SNSs became popular. AsianAvenue, MiGente, and BlackPlanet were early popular ethnic community sites with limited Friends functionality before re-launching in 2005-2006 with SNS features and structure. Beyond profiles, Friends, comments, and private messaging, SNSs vary greatly in their features and user base. Some have photo-sharing or video-sharing capabilities; others have built-in blogging and instant messaging technology. There are mobile-specific SNSs (e.g., Dodgeball), but some web-based SNSs also support limited mobile interactions (e.g., Facebook, MySpace, and Cyworld). Many SNSs target people from specific geographical regions or linguistic groups, although this does not always determine the sites community. Orkut, for example, was launched in the United States with an English-only interface, but Portuguese-speaking Brazilians quickly became the dominant user group (Kopytoff, 2004). Some sites are designed with specific ethnic, religious, sexual orientation, political, or other identity-driven categories in mind. There are even SNSs for dogs (Dogster) and cats (Catster), although their owners must manage their profiles. While SNSs are often designed to be widely accessible, many attract homogeneous populations initially, so it is not uncommon to find groups using sites to separate themselves out by nationality, age, educational level, or other factors that typically segment society (Hargittai, 2008), even if that was not the intention of the designers. A History of Social Network Sites The Early Years The first recognizable social network site launched in 1997. SixDegrees.com allowed users to create profiles, list their Friends and, beginning in 1998, surf the Friends lists. Each of these features existed in some form before SixDegrees of course. Profiles existed on most major dating sites and many community sites. AIM and ICQ buddy lists supported lists of Friends, although those Friends were not visible to others. Classmates.com allowed people to connect with their high school or college and surf the network for others who were also joined, but users could not create profiles or list Friends until years later. The first to combine these features was SixDegrees. SixDegrees promoted itself as a tool to help people connect with and send messages to others. While SixDegrees attracted millions of users, it failed to continue, the service closed in 2000. Looking back, its founder believes that SixDegrees was simply ahead of its time (A. Weinreich, personal communication, July 11, 2007). While people were already flocking to the Internet, most did not have extended networks of friends who were online. Early adopters complained that there was little to do after accepting Friend requests, and most users were not interested in meeting strangers. From 1997 to 2001, a number of community tools began supporting various combinations of profiles and publicly articulated Friends. AsianAvenue, BlackPlanet, and MiGente allowed users to create personal, professional, and dating profiles, users could identify Friends on their personal profiles without seeking approval for those connections (O. Wasow, personal communication, August 16, 2007). Likewise, shortly after its launch in 1999, LiveJournal listed one-directional connections on user pages. People mark others as Friends to follow their journals and manage privacy settings. The Korean virtual worlds site Cyworld was started in 1999 and added SNS features in 2001, independent of these other sites (see Kim Yun, this issue)*come back to this ref. Likewise, when the Swedish web community LunarStorm refashioned itself as an SNS in 2000, it contained Friends lists, guestbooks, and diary pages (D. Skog, personal communication, September 24, 2007). Ryze.com was the beginning of the next wave of SNSs, it was launched in 2001 to help people control their business networks. Ryzes founder reports that he first introduced the site to his friends, primarily members of the San Francisco business and technology community, including the entrepreneurs and investors behind many future SNSs (A. Scott, personal communication, June 14, 2007)*revise this ref. In particular, the people behind Ryze, Tribe.net, LinkedIn, and Friendster were tightly interrelated personally and professionally. They believed that they could support each other without competing (Festa, 2003). In the end, Ryze never acquired mass popularity, Tribe.net grew to attract a passionate niche user base, LinkedIn became a powerful business service, and Friendster became the most significant, if only as one of the biggest disappointments in Internet history (Chafkin, 2007, p. 1). Figure 1. Distribution of work task interruption Figure 1. Timeline of the launch dates of many major SNSs and dates when community sites re-launched with SNS features That was a brief history of the general SNSs. The following section discusses Friendster, MySpace, and Facebook those are the three key SNSs that has shaped the business, cultural, and research background. The Rise (and Fall) of Friendster Friendster launched in 2002 as a social complement to Ryze. It was designed to compete with Match.com, a profitable online dating site (Cohen, 2003). While most dating sites focused on introducing people to strangers with similar interests, Friendster was designed to help friends-of-friends meet, based on the assumption that friends-of-friends would make better romantic partners than would strangers. Friendster gained trust among three groups of early adopters who shaped the site-bloggers, attendees of the Burning Man arts festival (Who are these?), and gay men (boyd, 2004)-and grew to 300,000 users through word of mouth before traditional press coverage began in May 2003 (OShea, 2003). *find this ref and try to make changes to the prev. paragraph As Friendsters popularity raised, the site encountered technical and social difficulties (boyd, 2006b). Friendsters databases and servers were not well equipped to handle its fast growth, and the site faded out regularly, that caused frustrating users who replaced email with Friendster. ** rephrase this paragraph à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬Å" Because organic growth had been critical to creating a coherent community, the onslaught of new users who learned about the site from media coverage upset the cultural balance. Furthermore, exponential growth meant a collapse in social contexts: Users had to face their bosses and former classmates alongside their close friends. To complicate matters, Friendster began restricting the activities of its most passionate users. The initial design of Friendster restricted users from viewing profiles of people who were more than four degrees away (friends-of-friends-of-friends-of-friends). In order to view additional profiles, users began adding acquaintances and interesting-looking strangers to expand their reach. Some began massively collecting Friends, an activity that was implicitly encouraged through a most popular feature. The ultimate collectors were fake profiles representing iconic fictional characters: celebrities, concepts, and other such entities. These Fakesters outraged the company, who banished fake profiles and eliminated the most popular feature (boyd, in press-b). While few people actually created Fakesters, many more enjoyed surfing Fakesters for entertainment or using functional Fakesters (e.g., Brown University) to find people they knew. The active deletion of Fakesters (and genuine users who chose non-realistic photos) signaled to some that the company did not share users interests. Many early adopters left because of the combination of technical difficulties, social collisions, and a rupture of trust between users and the site (boyd, 2006b). However, at the same time that it was fading in the U.S., its popularity skyrocketed in the Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, and Indonesia (Goldberg, 2007). SNSs Hit the Mainstream From 2003 onward, many new SNSs were launched, prompting social software analyst Clay Shirky (2003) to coin the term YASNS: Yet Another Social Networking Service. Most took the form of profile-centric sites, trying to replicate the early success of Friendster or target specific demographics. While socially-organized SNSs solicit broad audiences, professional sites such as LinkedIn, Visible Path, and Xing (formerly openBC) focus on business people. Passion-centric SNSs like Dogster (T. Rheingold, personal communication, August 2, 2007) help strangers connect based on shared interests. Care2 helps activists meet, Couchsurfing connects travelers to people with couches, and MyChurch joins Christian churches and their members. Furthermore, as the social media and user-generated content phenomena grew, websites focused on media sharing began implementing SNS features and becoming SNSs themselves. Examples include Flickr (photo sharing), Last.FM (music listening habits), and YouTube (video sharing). With the plethora of venture-backed startups launching in Silicon Valley, few people paid attention to SNSs that gained popularity elsewhere, even those built by major corporations. For example, Googles Orkut failed to build a sustainable U.S. user base, but a Brazilian invasion (Fragoso, 2006) made Orkut the national SNS of Brazil. Microsofts Windows Live Spaces (a.k.a. MSN Spaces) also launched to lukewarm U.S. reception but became extremely popular elsewhere. Few analysts or journalists noticed when MySpace launched in Santa Monica, California, hundreds of miles from Silicon Valley. MySpace was begun in 2003 to compete with sites like Friendster, Xanga, and AsianAvenue, according to co-founder Tom Anderson (personal communication, August 2, 2007); the founders wanted to attract estranged Friendster users (T. Anderson, personal communication, February 2, 2006). After rumors emerged that Friendster would adopt a fee-based system, users posted Friendster messages encouraging people to join alternate SNSs, including Tribe.net and MySpace (T. Anderson, personal communication, August 2, 2007). Because of this, MySpace was able to grow rapidly by capitalizing on Friendsters alienation of its early adopters. One particularly notable group that encouraged others to switch were indie-rock bands who were expelled from Friendster for failing to comply with profile regulations. While MySpace was not launched with bands in mind, they were welcomed. Indie-rock bands from the Los Angeles region began creating profiles, and local promoters used MySpace to advertise VIP passes for popular clubs. Intrigued, MySpace contacted local musicians to see how they could support them (T. Anderson, personal communication, September 28, 2006). Bands were not the sole source of MySpace growth, but the symbiotic relationship between bands and fans helped MySpace expand beyond former Friendster users. The bands-and-fans dynamic was mutually beneficial: Bands wanted to be able to contact fans, while fans desired attention from their favorite bands and used Friend connections to signal identity and affiliation. Futhermore, MySpace differentiated itself by regularly adding features based on user demand (boyd, 2006b) and by allowing users to personalize their pages. This feature emerged because MySpace did not restrict users from adding HTML into the forms that framed their profiles; a copy/paste code culture emerged on the web to support users in generating unique MySpace backgrounds and layouts (Perkel, in press). Teenagers began joining MySpace en masse in 2004. Unlike older users, most teens were never on Friendster-some joined because they wanted to connect with their favorite bands; others were introduced to the site through older family members. As teens began signing up, they encouraged their friends to join. Rather than rejecting underage users, MySpace changed its user policy to allow minors. As the site grew, three distinct populations began to form: musicians/artists, teenagers, and the post-college urban social crowd. By and large, the latter two groups did not interact with one another except through bands. Because of the lack of mainstream press coverage during 2004, few others noticed the sites growing popularity. Then, in July 2005, News Corporation purchased MySpace for $580 million (BBC, 2005), attracting massive media attention. Afterwards, safety issues plagued MySpace. The site was implicated in a series of sexual interactions between adults and minors, prompting legal action (Consumer Affairs, 2006). A moral panic concerning sexual predators quickly spread (Bahney, 2006), although research suggests that the concerns were exaggerated. A Global Phenomenon While MySpace attracted the majority of media attention in the U.S. and abroad, SNSs were proliferating and growing in popularity worldwide. Friendster gained traction in the Pacific Islands, Orkut became the premier SNS in Brazil before growing rapidly in India (Madhavan, 2007), Mixi attained widespread adoption in Japan, LunarStorm took off in Sweden, Dutch users embraced Hyves, Grono captured Poland, Hi5 was adopted in smaller countries in Latin America, South America, and Europe, and Bebo became very popular in the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Australia. Additionally, previously popular communication and community services began implementing SNS features. The Chinese QQ instant messaging service instantly became the largest SNS worldwide when it added profiles and made friends visible (McLeod, 2006), while the forum tool Cyworld cornered the Korean market by introducing homepages and buddies (Ewers, 2006). Blogging services with complete SNS features also became popular. In the U.S., blogging tools with SNS features, such as Xanga, LiveJournal, and Vox, attracted broad audiences. Skyrock reigns in France, and Windows Live Spaces dominates numerous markets worldwide, including in Mexico, Italy, and Spain. Although SNSs like QQ, Orkut, and Live Spaces are just as large as, if not larger than, MySpace, they receive little coverage in U.S. and English-speaking media, making it difficult to track their trajectories. Expanding Niche Communities Alongside these open services, other SNSs launched to support niche demographics before expanding to a broader audience. Unlike previous SNSs, Facebook was designed to support distinct college networks only. Facebook began in early 2004 as a Harvard-only SNS (Cassidy, 2006). To join, a user had to have a harvard.edu email address. As Facebook began supporting other schools, those users were also required to have university email addresses associated with those institutions, a requirement that kept the site relatively closed and contributed to users perceptions of the site as an intimate, private community. Beginning in September 2005, Facebook expanded to include high school students, professionals inside corporate networks, and, eventually, everyone. The change to open signup did not mean that new users could easily access users in closed networks-gaining access to corporate networks still required the appropriate .com address, while gaining access to high school networks required administrator approval. (As of this writing, only membership in regional networks requires no permission.) Unlike other SNSs, Facebook users are unable to make their full profiles public to all users. Another feature that differentiates Facebook is the ability for outside developers to build Applications which allow users to personalize their profiles and perform other tasks, such as compare movie preferences and chart travel histories. While most SNSs focus on growing broadly and exponentially, others explicitly seek narrower audiences. Some, like aSmallWorld and BeautifulPeople, intentionally restrict access to appear selective and elite. Others-activity-centered sites like Couchsurfing, identity-driven sites like BlackPlanet, and affiliation-focused sites like MyChurch-are limited by their target demographic and thus tend to be smaller. Finally, anyone who wishes to create a niche social network site can do so on Ning, a platform and hosting service that encourages users to create their own SNSs. Currently, there are no reliable data regarding how many people use SNSs, although marketing research indicates that SNSs are growing in popularity worldwide (comScore, 2007). This growth has prompted many corporations to invest time and money in creating, purchasing, promoting, and advertising SNSs. At the same time, other companies are blocking their employees from accessing the sites. Additionally, the U.S. military banned soldiers from accessing MySpace (Frosch, 2007) and the Canadian government prohibited employees from Facebook (Benzie, 2007), while the U.S. Congress has proposed legislation to ban youth from accessing SNSs in schools and libraries (H.R. 5319, 2006; S. 49, 2007). The rise of SNSs indicates a shift in the organization of online communities. While websites dedicated to communities of interest still exist and prosper, SNSs are primarily organized around people, not interests. Early public online communities such as Usenet and public discussion forums were structured by topics or according to topical hierarchies, but social network sites are structured as personal (or egocentric) networks, with the individual at the center of their own community. This more accurately mirrors unmediated social structures, where the world is composed of networks, not groups (Wellman, 1988, p. 37). The introduction of SNS features has introduced a new organizational framework for online communities, and with it, a vibrant new research context. Previous Scholarship Scholarship concerning SNSs is emerging from diverse disciplinary and methodological traditions, addresses a range of topics, and builds on a large body of CMC research. The goal of this section is to survey research that is directly concerned with social network sites, and in so doing, to set the stage for the articles in this special issue. To date, the bulk of SNS research has focused on impression management and friendship performance, networks and network structure, online/offline connections, and privacy issues. Impression Management and Friendship Performance Like other online contexts in which individuals are consciously able to construct an online representation of self-such as online dating profiles and MUDS-SNSs constitute an important research context for scholars investigating processes of impression management, self-presentation, and friendship performance. In one of the earliest academic articles on SNSs, boyd (2004) examined Friendster as a locus of publicly articulated social networks that allowed users to negotiate presentations of self and connect with others. Donath and boyd (2004) extended this to suggest that public displays of connection serve as important identity signals that help people navigate the networked social world, in that an extended network may serve to validate identity information presented in profiles. While most sites encourage users to construct accurate representations of themselves, participants do this to varying degrees. Marwick (2005) found that users on three different SNSs had complex strategies for negotiating the rigidity of a prescribed authentic profile, while boyd (in press-b) examined the phenomenon of Fakesters and argued that profiles could never be real. The extent to which portraits are authentic or playful varies across sites; both social and technological forces shape user practices. Skog (2005) found that the status feature on LunarStorm strongly influenced how people behaved and what they choose to reveal-profiles there indicate ones status as measured by activity (e.g., sending messages) and indicators of authenticity (e.g., using a real photo instead of a drawing). Another aspect of self-presentation is the articulation of friendship links, which serve as identity markers for the profile owner. Impression management is one of the reasons given by Friendster users for choosing particular friends (Donath boyd, 2004). Recognizing this, Zinman and Donath (2007) noted that MySpace spammers leverage peoples willingness to connect to interesting people to find targets for their spam. In their examination of LiveJournal friendship, Fono and Raynes-Goldie (2006) described users understandings regarding public displays of connections and how the Friending function can operate as a catalyst for social drama. In listing user motivations for Friending, boyd (2006a) points out that Friends on SNSs are not the same as friends in the everyday sense; instead, Friends provide context by offering users an imagined audience to guide behavioral norms. Other work in this area has examined the use of Friendster Testimonials as self-presentational devices (boyd Heer, 2006) and the extent to which the attractiveness of ones Friends (as indicated by Facebooks Wall feature) impacts impression formation (Walther, Van Der Heide, Kim, Westerman, in press). Networks and Network Structure Social network sites also provide rich sources of naturalistic behavioral data. Profile and linkage data from SNSs can be gathered either through the use of automated collection techniques or through datasets provided directly from the company, enabling network analysis researchers to explore large-scale patterns of friending, usage, and other visible indicators (Hogan, in press), and continuing an analysis trend that started with examinations of blogs and other websites. For instance, Golder, Wilkinson, and Huberman (2007) examined an anonymized dataset consisting of 362 million messages exchanged by over four million Facebook users for insight into Friending and messaging activities. Lampe, Ellison, and Steinfield (2007) explored the relationship between profile elements and number of Facebook friends, finding that profile fields that reduce transaction costs and are harder to falsify are most likely to be associated with larger number of friendship links. These kinds of data also lend themselves well to analysis through network visualization (Adamic, Bà ¼yà ¼kkà ¶kten, Adar, 2003; Heer boyd, 2005; Paolillo Wright, 2005). SNS researchers have also studied the network structure of Friendship. Analyzing the roles people played in the growth of Flickr and Yahoo! 360s networks, Kumar, Novak, and Tomkins (2006) argued that there are passive members, inviters, and linkers who fully participate in the social evolution of the network (p. 1). Scholarship concerning LiveJournals network has included a Friendship classification scheme (Hsu, Lancaster, Paradesi, Weniger, 2007), an analysis of the role of language in the topology of Friendship (Herring et al., 2007), research into the importance of geography in Friending (Liben-Nowell, Novak, Kumar, Raghavan, Tomkins, 2005), and studies on what motivates people to join particular communities (Backstrom, Huttenlocher, Kleinberg, Lan, 2006). Based on Orkut data, Spertus, Sahami, and Bà ¼yà ¼kkà ¶kten (2005) identified a topology of users through their membership in certain communities; they suggest that sites can use this to recommend additional communities of interest to users. Finally, Liu, Maes, and Davenport (2006) argued that Friend connections are not the only network structure worth investigating. They examined the ways in which the performance of tastes (favorite music, books, film, etc.) constitutes an alternate network structure, which they call a taste fabric. Bridging Online and Offline Social Networks Although exceptions exist, the available research suggests that most SNSs primarily support pre-existing social relations. Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe (2007) suggest that Facebook is used to maintain existing offline relationships or solidify offline connections, as opposed to meeting new people. These relationships may be weak ties, but typically there is some common offline element among individuals who friend one another, such as a shared class at school. This is one of the chief dimensions that differentiate SNSs from earlier forms of public CMC such as newsgroups (Ellison et al., 2007). Research in this vein has investigated how online interactions interface with offline ones. For instance, Lampe, Ellison, and Steinfield (2006) found that Facebook users engage in searching for people with whom they have an offline connection more than they browse for complete strangers to meet. Likewise, Pew research found that 91% of U.S. teens who use SNSs do so to connect with friends (Len hart Madden, 2007). Given that SNSs enable individuals to connect with one another, it is not surprising that they have become deeply embedded in users lives. In Korea, Cyworld has become an integral part of everyday life-Choi (2006) found that 85% of that studys respondents listed the maintenance and reinforcement of pre-existing social networks as their main motive for Cyworld use (p. 181). Likewise, boyd (2008) argues that MySpace and Facebook enable U.S. youth to socialize with their friends even when they are unable to gather in unmediated situations; she argues that SNSs are networked publics that support sociability, just as unmediated public spaces do. Privacy Popular press coverage of SNSs has emphasized potential privacy concerns, primarily concerning the safety of younger users (George, 2006; Kornblum Marklein, 2006). Researchers have investigated th

Because I could not stop for Death, by Emily Dickinson :: Emily Dickinson Essays

Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born on December 10,1830 in the quiet community of Amherst, Massachusetts (Davidson 247). She was the second born to Edward and Emily Norcross Dickinson (Davidson 247). Her older brother Austin and her younger sister Lavina lived in a reserved family headed by their authoritative father (Davidson 247). Emily’s mother was not “emotionally accessible,'; thought out there lives (Davidson 247). Their parents weren’t involved in their children’s lives. One thing that their parents did do was raise there children with the Chistian tradition (Chase 28). They were expected to take up their father’s religious beliefs and values without any argument. Emily though did not fit in with her father’s religion and as she got older challenged these conventional religious viewpoints of her father and his church (Chase 28). Here put more stuff about why she did not except the Puritan God and why because of this you saw it in her writing (on page 12-? In Aiken). Her father was also an influential politician in Massachusetts holding powerful positions (Johnson 26). Due to this her family was very prominent in Amherst. Emily did not enjoy the popularity and excitement of her public life in Amherst. So she began to withdraw from the town, her family and friends (Johnson 29). This private life that she lived gave her, her own private society. She refused to see almost everyone that came to visit and rarely left her father’s house (Johnson 31).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Emily’s writing changed over the years due to events in her life. Most of her writing was about nature, friends, love and almost a third of her poems dealt with the subject of death (Ferlazzo 22). I’m going to focus my paper on the topic of death. A lot of Dickinson’s life was in morning the deaths of her close friends and family. Her father died in 1974, Samuel Bowles died in 1878, J.G. Holland died in 1881, her nephew Gilbert died in 1883, and both Charles Wadsworth, Emily’s mother died in 1882 (mapes) and Helen Hunt Jackson in 1885 (Chase 305). Over those seven years, many of the most influential and precious friendships of Emily’s passed away. On June 14, 1884 Emily suffered her first attack of her terminal illness, which put her to bed in her family’s house. Then less than two years latter she died at the age of 56 (Chase 310).

Mexican American Borderlands and The Caribbean

The negative side effects of tattoos Tattoos are permanent pictures or designs on the skin, pricked and stained with indelible dyes. They contain mainly industrial organic pigments with high microbiological impurities load. Tattoos are body arts. In our society today, tattoos have Increase In popularity among all ages but most prevalent among the adolescent and young adults.Reports have shown that the Increase in the adolescent involvement in tattooing is fuelled by peer pressure and their quests to belong to certain groups or to be accepted. (A. E Almsman Pl). This makes them not to consider the hazards that are associated with it. In this essay, I will be investigating the negative side effects that are associated with tattoos such as how society view people involved, common health risk and Flanagan hardships. According to Anne E.Almsman of Fingers School of Medicine and North Western University, tattooing has been associated with high-risk behaviors such as sexual intercourse, bin ge ringing, smoking, marijuana use, fighting, gang membership, and truancy and school failure. (A. E Almsman P 2). Many health professionals also, associate body arts with criminal activity or psychiatric disturbances. Tattoos are viewed in our society today as unprofessional and offensive. It can reduce an employment opportunities. For example, you cannot be a recruit of the military If you have offensive tattoo on your neck, above. r on any obvious part of your body that suggest gang membership. Furthermore, excessive tattoos may be a form of self-harm. There is usually ins during the procedures and while the tattoo and is healing. Tattoos from most commercial tattoo parlors are associated with infections, including potentially deadly infections like stash, tetanus, hepatitis B or C, and HIVE. Other side effects include; acute Inflammatory reactions caused by physical tissue injury and Injection of pigment dyes, excessive and unsightly scarring, nerve damage, allergic reactions an d sometimes uncontrolled bleeding. MEMBER reports) Furthermore, tattoos can cause misdiagnoses or interference with medical procedures like Mrs. (Robert Prepaid 2). Also because of the risk of infection, one will not be able to donate blood for at least a year after having tattoos for the risk of infections. It cost a lot of money to do tattoos and take care of it during the healing process. From a survey I conducted, an average tattoo studio cost about a $100. 00 per hour. Think about spending more than three hours. In addition, removing tattoos can be expensive and painful, and usually does not leave the area looking completely healed.In conclusion, getting tattoos poses a read health risk that can lead to infections or even attracting HIVE and those involved are mostly associated with negative criminal activities and high-risk behavior. . Anne E. Almsman Epidemiology of tattoos and piercing . Legislation in the United States Robert Prepaid; Publication on Medicine plus Health Day , American Academy of Dermatology, â€Å"Tattoos, Body Piercing, and Other Skin Adornments† www. Monoclinic. Com, Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MEMBER) â€Å"Tattoos: Understand risks and precautions† http://www. Tenement. Com/ teen-issues/piercing-and-tattoos. HTML