Theories of Development Essay Example for Free

Theories of Development adjudicateJean Piaget (1896 1980) Piaget focuses on cognitive development he was wholly about the peasant centred orgasm, he believed children are active go finisheders and make sense of the world through their own experiences. Piaget believed that a child develops through a series of pre-determined stages to adulthood and said that a child require to be at a specific stage of development to learn new concepts. His possibleness is concerned with the children earlier than whole learners and it focuses more on the development and non so much the encyclopaedism which means this theory doesnt really co-inside with learning of information and specific demeanors. Piaget influences flowing practise because the EYFS states that we need to behave a balance of child initiated activities and children give notice be independent learners. We in like manner have free flow within the place which go forth bring out the child centred approach that Pi aget believed in. He has also influenced the approach to managing childrens behaviour through looking at a childs moral development through their point of view rather than an adult.Sigmund Freud (1856 1939) Freud focuses on the psychoanalytical theory he was particularly interested in the development of characteristics and personality. Freud believed we have an unconscious idea that is split into three parts and this this makes up our personality the id, ego and superego. The id is where all our desires and needs come from and offer be known as the selfish and passionate component of our personality e.g. a baby result cry and cry to be fed, not thinking of how tired their parent/carer may be.The ego is where we uprise to consider consequences of our actions and is known as the common sense part of our personalities e.g. if a child trusts mostthing still knows they have to ask nicely or wait patiently they will do so in align to meet their needs or desires. The superego is w here we start to think about the moral requirements, if you have misbehaved your conscience will affect your ego and make you feel guilty, if you are being rewarded for something correct, your ego-ideal will reward your ego with insolence and confidence. Freud believed that with age these stages will develop in your personality. Freud influences current practise because we now think about the childs wants and needs from their point of view. We wouldnt take away a small childs comforter because their id has made them believe they want it and need it, they would become very distressed if we did so.Abraham Maslow (1908 1970) Maslow had a human-centred approach to his theory, his theory was about motivation and personality, he believed in a hierarchy of needs and these needs needed to met in order fulfil their potential or self-actuali sit downion. He believed you would have to reach all previous levels of the pyramid to become a fulfilled person. Maslow believed motivation and pers onality are linked to our elementary needs being met.He also believed that every person has the potential to become self-actualized however some factors can hinder progress i.e. a familys income being affected through the parent losing their trouble would affect a few of the hierarchy points. Maslow influences current practise within the early years setting because the professionals need to think about the environment that is being created for the children as well as developing cockeyed relationships. We need to try and meet the basic needs such as warmth, food, shelter and to form a good relationship we need to provide love, care and promote self-esteem.Albert Bandura (born 1925) Bandura has a social learning approach to his theory and this is another behavioristic approach. Bandura believes in conditioning through positive and negative reinforcement, and through sight people around you (observational learning). He believes that if one observes another person they will pick up and learn how to act in certain situations through modelling another persons behaviour.Banduras behaviourist approach shows he does believe that not all observed actions will lead to a depart in behaviour, if a child observes someone they may just take in the information rather than modelling what they have observed. Bandura influences current practise because we praise positive behaviour in order for children to do it over again and ignore negative behaviour in hoping the children wouldnt repeat it. We also act as good role models for the children to observe and copy our behaviour i.e. being polite with please and thank you, sacramental manduction and being kind to our friends.B. F Skinner (1904 1990) Skinner is known for developing the behaviourist approach but he also has the operant conditioning approach to his theory. He believed we would shape behaviour we would promote coveted behaviour with rewards such as stickers, praise, attention and treats, and positive reinforcem ent would help aid in learning. He also believed in reinforcing undesired behaviour with punishment in hoping this would stop children from repeating this behaviour. He also believes the rewards and reinforcement should be done in good time after the behaviour has occurred or it would not have the desired effect i.e. straight away, if delayed it may not register to the child what behaviour caused for this.The rewards and reinforcement shouldnt be expected all the time so frequency needs to be considered, its best to not reward or reinforce every time, this would mean they wouldnt expect it all the time and would constantly show wanted behaviour because unexpectedly they would receive a reward and would want this again. Skinner influences current practise because we have behaviour policies that families have to comply with. We also praise good behaviour and when a child achieves something we reward with stickers. We try to avoid undesired behaviour happening again by using punishment s such as time out.John B. Watson (1878 1958) Watson was a behaviourist theorist his theory is that classical conditioning offers a basic explanation of how a child can develop through learning by association, e.g. when the fire bell goes off, children will associate it with lining up. Some of his work was found on showing phobias and association, e.g. some children have a fear of needles because they associate this with the pain they felt before. Watson influences current practise because we now have routines and have set areas for certain activities, e.g. when we are sat at the red table this will be for arts and design.Social Pedagogy Social teaching method is about the holistic wellbeing and education, it is a shared responsibility between parents and society as a whole. It develops children and young peoples knowledge of what is expected of them as an individual in society. It helps them gain skills in learning, coping with emotions and physical skills its there to teach chi ldren and young people how to become a value member of society. Social pedagogy has a hands on approach to the younger generation and believes that it is not just up to the parents to do all the upbringing but it is the society too. Social pedagogy influences current practise because the Eyfs states that we should work in partnership with the parents, we also have government run settings such as sure start and these other help to families who havent had the best start in life. every last(predicate) of the theorists have different approaches and views but all give something to the current practise that we work alongside with.